#451A03 on black
Tailwind amber-950 — roughly Espresso — measured against black to WCAG 2.2 and APCA.
1.40:1
contrast ratio · APCA Lc 0
The quick brown fox
…and the same at 13 px
…and the same at 13 px
✕ Body text (AA, 4.5:1)
✕ Body text (AAA, 7:1)
✕ Large text (AA, 3:1)
✕ Borders and icons (1.4.11, 3:1)
The nearest colour that passes
Keeping the hue and moving only the lightness, #B8907C is the closest shade to #451A03 that clears 4.5:1 on black — at 7.32:1.
#451A031.40:1 — fails
#B8907C7.32:1 — passes
Under colour blindness
Contrast is a lightness relationship, so a ratio survives colour blindness — but the pair can still lose the distinction it was carrying. This is the same two colours as seen with each dichromacy.
| Vision | Foreground | Background | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | #451A03 |
#000000 |
1.40:1 |
| Protanopia red-blind, ~1% of men |
#37370A |
#000000 |
1.71:1 |
| Deuteranopia green-blind, ~6% of men |
#393C0C |
#000000 |
1.83:1 |
| Tritanopia blue-blind, rare |
#441010 |
#000000 |
1.33:1 |
What the thresholds mean
- 4.5:1 — WCAG 2.2 success criterion 1.4.3, the minimum for body text.
- 3:1 — the minimum for large text (18.66 px bold or 24 px regular) and, under 1.4.11, for any non-text thing you have to perceive: input borders, icons, focus indicators.
- 7:1 — AAA, criterion 1.4.6.
- APCA Lc 0 — a perceptual model that accounts for polarity, so dark-on-light and light-on-dark are not treated as the same problem. It is the direction WCAG 3 is heading and it disagrees with the ratio often enough to be worth reading alongside it.
Related
Fixing one pair is not the job
ColorsMine checks every pairing a palette implies, in light and dark, and names the single change that moves the grade most.
Open ColorsMine